APA 第七版完整指南:論文格式規範與實例
文章元數據
- 標題:APA 第七版完整指南:論文格式規範與實例
- Slug:apa-7th-edition-guide
- 摘要:全面解析 APA 第七版(American Psychological Association, 7th Edition)論文格式規範,包含引用格式、參考文獻、標題層級、圖表格式和常見錯誤,協助研究者正確使用 APA 格式撰寫論文。
- 分類:論文格式 (format-guide)
- 標籤:APA 格式、APA 第七版、論文格式、引用格式、參考文獻、學術寫作、Citation、Reference List
- 長尾關鍵字:
- APA 第七版格式規範
- APA 7th edition 引用格式
- APA 參考文獻格式
- APA 論文格式範例
- APA 內文引用格式
- APA 標題層級
- APA 圖表格式
- APA 格式常見錯誤
- 如何使用 APA 格式
- APA 第六版與第七版差異
一、APA 格式概述
APA(American Psychological Association)格式是社會科學領域最廣泛使用的論文格式規範,特別適用於:
1.1 適用學科領域
| 學科領域 | 使用程度 |
|---|---|
| 心理學 | ★★★★★ (必須) |
| 教育學 | ★★★★★ (必須) |
| 社會學 | ★★★★☆ (常用) |
| 商學 | ★★★★☆ (常用) |
| 護理學 | ★★★★☆ (常用) |
| 傳播學 | ★★★☆☆ (部分使用) |
1.2 APA 第七版的主要更新(相較於第六版)
重要變更:
1. 作者數量:最多列出 20 位作者(第六版為 7 位)
2. DOI 格式:使用 https://doi.org/ 格式
3. 標題層級:簡化為 5 個層級
4. 日期格式:更靈活(可使用 n.d. 表示無日期)
5. 網頁引用:不再需要「Retrieved from」
6. 電子書:與紙本書格式相同(除非有 DOI)
1. 作者數量:最多列出 20 位作者(第六版為 7 位)
2. DOI 格式:使用 https://doi.org/ 格式
3. 標題層級:簡化為 5 個層級
4. 日期格式:更靈活(可使用 n.d. 表示無日期)
5. 網頁引用:不再需要「Retrieved from」
6. 電子書:與紙本書格式相同(除非有 DOI)
二、基本格式規範
2.1 頁面設定
紙張與邊界:
- 紙張大小:Letter (8.5" × 11") 或 A4
- 邊界:上下左右各 1 英吋 (2.54 cm)
- 字型:Times New Roman 12pt 或 Calibri 11pt
- 行距:雙倍行距(Double-spaced)
- 對齊:左對齊(Left-aligned),段落首行縮排 0.5 英吋
- 紙張大小:Letter (8.5" × 11") 或 A4
- 邊界:上下左右各 1 英吋 (2.54 cm)
- 字型:Times New Roman 12pt 或 Calibri 11pt
- 行距:雙倍行距(Double-spaced)
- 對齊:左對齊(Left-aligned),段落首行縮排 0.5 英吋
頁碼:
- 位置:右上角
- 格式:阿拉伯數字
- 起始頁:標題頁為第 1 頁
- 位置:右上角
- 格式:阿拉伯數字
- 起始頁:標題頁為第 1 頁
2.2 標題頁(Title Page)
學生論文格式:
[頁碼 1 在右上角]
[居中,粗體]
The Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance:
A Study of College Students in Taiwan
[空一行]
Your Name
Department of Psychology
National Taiwan University
Course Number: PSY 101
Instructor: Dr. Chen
Due Date: May 15, 2024
[頁碼 1 在右上角]
[居中,粗體]
The Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance:
A Study of College Students in Taiwan
[空一行]
Your Name
Department of Psychology
National Taiwan University
Course Number: PSY 101
Instructor: Dr. Chen
Due Date: May 15, 2024
專業論文格式(期刊投稿):
Running head: SOCIAL MEDIA AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 1
[居中,粗體]
The Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance:
A Study of College Students in Taiwan
[空一行]
Your Name
Department of Psychology
National Taiwan University
[空一行]
Author Note
[作者資訊、利益衝突聲明、資助來源等]
Running head: SOCIAL MEDIA AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 1
[居中,粗體]
The Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance:
A Study of College Students in Taiwan
[空一行]
Your Name
Department of Psychology
National Taiwan University
[空一行]
Author Note
[作者資訊、利益衝突聲明、資助來源等]
三、內文引用格式(In-Text Citations)
3.1 基本規則
作者-年份系統:
格式:(Author, Year)
範例:(Smith, 2020)
格式:(Author, Year)
範例:(Smith, 2020)
直接引用:
短引用(<40 字):
Smith (2020) stated that "social media has a significant impact on student performance" (p. 45).
長引用(≥40 字):
According to Smith (2020):
Social media platforms have fundamentally changed the way students interact with
information and each other. The constant connectivity and instant gratification
provided by these platforms can lead to decreased attention spans and reduced
academic performance. (p. 45)
短引用(<40 字):
Smith (2020) stated that "social media has a significant impact on student performance" (p. 45).
長引用(≥40 字):
According to Smith (2020):
Social media platforms have fundamentally changed the way students interact with
information and each other. The constant connectivity and instant gratification
provided by these platforms can lead to decreased attention spans and reduced
academic performance. (p. 45)
3.2 不同作者數量的引用
單一作者:
第一次引用:Smith (2020) found that...
後續引用:Smith (2020) also noted...
括號內:(Smith, 2020)
第一次引用:Smith (2020) found that...
後續引用:Smith (2020) also noted...
括號內:(Smith, 2020)
兩位作者:
敘述性引用:Smith and Johnson (2020) argued that...
括號內引用:(Smith & Johnson, 2020)
敘述性引用:Smith and Johnson (2020) argued that...
括號內引用:(Smith & Johnson, 2020)
三位或更多作者:
第一次引用:Smith et al. (2020) demonstrated...
後續引用:Smith et al. (2020) further explained...
括號內:(Smith et al., 2020)
第一次引用:Smith et al. (2020) demonstrated...
後續引用:Smith et al. (2020) further explained...
括號內:(Smith et al., 2020)
團體作者:
第一次引用:American Psychological Association (APA, 2020)
後續引用:APA (2020)
第一次引用:American Psychological Association (APA, 2020)
後續引用:APA (2020)
3.3 特殊情況
同一作者、同一年份的多篇文獻:
Smith (2020a) found...
Smith (2020b) later argued...
參考文獻列表中也要加上 a, b, c 標記
Smith (2020a) found...
Smith (2020b) later argued...
參考文獻列表中也要加上 a, b, c 標記
次級引用(Secondary Citations):
Johnson's study (as cited in Smith, 2020) showed...
僅在參考文獻列表中列出 Smith (2020)
Johnson's study (as cited in Smith, 2020) showed...
僅在參考文獻列表中列出 Smith (2020)
無作者的文獻:
使用標題前幾個字:
("Impact of Social Media," 2020)
使用標題前幾個字:
("Impact of Social Media," 2020)
無日期的文獻:
(Smith, n.d.)
(Smith, n.d.)
四、參考文獻格式(Reference List)
4.1 基本規則
排列順序:
1. 按作者姓氏字母順序排列
2. 同一作者按年份由舊到新排列
3. 同一作者同一年份按標題字母順序排列(加 a, b, c)
1. 按作者姓氏字母順序排列
2. 同一作者按年份由舊到新排列
3. 同一作者同一年份按標題字母順序排列(加 a, b, c)
格式規範:
- 標題:References(居中,粗體)
- 行距:雙倍行距
- 縮排:懸掛縮排(Hanging indent)0.5 英吋
- 作者姓名:姓, 名字縮寫.
- 標題:僅首字母大寫(書名、期刊名除外)
- 標題:References(居中,粗體)
- 行距:雙倍行距
- 縮排:懸掛縮排(Hanging indent)0.5 英吋
- 作者姓名:姓, 名字縮寫.
- 標題:僅首字母大寫(書名、期刊名除外)
4.2 期刊文章
基本格式:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume(issue), page–page. https://doi.org/xxxxx
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume(issue), page–page. https://doi.org/xxxxx
範例:
Smith, J. D., Johnson, M. K., & Williams, R. L. (2020). The impact of social media on academic performance: A longitudinal study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(3), 456-478. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000123
Chen, Y. L., & Lin, H. C. (2021). Online learning during COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities. Educational Technology Research and Development, 69(4), 2145-2163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-021-09998-5
Smith, J. D., Johnson, M. K., & Williams, R. L. (2020). The impact of social media on academic performance: A longitudinal study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(3), 456-478. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000123
Chen, Y. L., & Lin, H. C. (2021). Online learning during COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities. Educational Technology Research and Development, 69(4), 2145-2163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-021-09998-5
無 DOI 的期刊文章:
Wang, L. M. (2019). Motivation and engagement in higher education. Asian Journal of Education, 15(2), 234-250.
Wang, L. M. (2019). Motivation and engagement in higher education. Asian Journal of Education, 15(2), 234-250.
4.3 書籍
整本書:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (Edition). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxx
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (Edition). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxx
範例:
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
書籍章節:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx–xxx). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxx
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx–xxx). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxx
範例:
Smith, J. D. (2019). Cognitive development in adolescence. In M. H. Bornstein & M. E. Lamb (Eds.), Developmental science: An advanced textbook (8th ed., pp. 567-612). Psychology Press.
Smith, J. D. (2019). Cognitive development in adolescence. In M. H. Bornstein & M. E. Lamb (Eds.), Developmental science: An advanced textbook (8th ed., pp. 567-612). Psychology Press.
4.4 網路資源
網頁文章(有作者、有日期):
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of webpage. Site Name. URL
Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of webpage. Site Name. URL
範例:
Chen, S. Y. (2023, March 15). The future of online education in Taiwan. EdTech Taiwan. https://www.edtechTaiwan.com/future-online-education
World Health Organization. (2022, November 28). Mental health and COVID-19: Early evidence of the pandemic's impact. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Sci_Brief-Mental_health-2022.1
Chen, S. Y. (2023, March 15). The future of online education in Taiwan. EdTech Taiwan. https://www.edtechTaiwan.com/future-online-education
World Health Organization. (2022, November 28). Mental health and COVID-19: Early evidence of the pandemic's impact. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Sci_Brief-Mental_health-2022.1
網頁文章(無作者):
Title of webpage. (Year, Month Day). Site Name. URL
Title of webpage. (Year, Month Day). Site Name. URL
範例:
Understanding APA style. (2023, January 10). APA Style Blog. https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/understanding-apa-style
Understanding APA style. (2023, January 10). APA Style Blog. https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/understanding-apa-style
網頁文章(無日期):
Author, A. A. (n.d.). Title of webpage. Site Name. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL
Author, A. A. (n.d.). Title of webpage. Site Name. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL
4.5 會議論文與報告
會議論文:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year, Month Day–Day). Title of contribution [Type of contribution]. Conference Name, City, State/Country. URL
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year, Month Day–Day). Title of contribution [Type of contribution]. Conference Name, City, State/Country. URL
範例:
Wang, L. M., & Chen, Y. L. (2022, July 10-13). AI in education: Opportunities and challenges [Conference presentation]. International Conference on Educational Technology, Taipei, Taiwan. https://www.icet2022.org/proceedings
Wang, L. M., & Chen, Y. L. (2022, July 10-13). AI in education: Opportunities and challenges [Conference presentation]. International Conference on Educational Technology, Taipei, Taiwan. https://www.icet2022.org/proceedings
技術報告:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of report (Report No. xxx). Publisher. URL
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of report (Report No. xxx). Publisher. URL
範例:
Ministry of Education. (2021). Annual report on higher education in Taiwan (Report No. MOE-2021-HE). https://www.edu.tw/reports/2021-he
Ministry of Education. (2021). Annual report on higher education in Taiwan (Report No. MOE-2021-HE). https://www.edu.tw/reports/2021-he
4.6 學位論文
已出版的學位論文:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of dissertation [Doctoral dissertation, Name of Institution]. Database Name. URL
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of dissertation [Doctoral dissertation, Name of Institution]. Database Name. URL
範例:
Chen, H. C. (2020). The effectiveness of flipped classroom in higher education: A meta-analysis [Doctoral dissertation, National Taiwan University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2450123456
Chen, H. C. (2020). The effectiveness of flipped classroom in higher education: A meta-analysis [Doctoral dissertation, National Taiwan University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2450123456
未出版的學位論文:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of thesis [Unpublished master's thesis]. Name of Institution.
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of thesis [Unpublished master's thesis]. Name of Institution.
範例:
Lin, Y. T. (2021). Student engagement in online learning environments [Unpublished master's thesis]. National Chengchi University.
Lin, Y. T. (2021). Student engagement in online learning environments [Unpublished master's thesis]. National Chengchi University.
五、標題層級(Heading Levels)
5.1 五個層級的格式
Level 1: Centered, Bold, Title Case
The Impact of Social Media
Level 2: Flush Left, Bold, Title Case
Theoretical Framework
Level 3: Flush Left, Bold Italic, Title Case
Social Cognitive Theory
Level 4: Indented, Bold, Title Case, Ending With a Period. Text begins on the same line.
Observational Learning. Students learn by observing...
Level 5: Indented, Bold Italic, Title Case, Ending With a Period. Text begins on the same line.
Modeling Behavior. The process of modeling involves...
Level 1: Centered, Bold, Title Case
The Impact of Social Media
Level 2: Flush Left, Bold, Title Case
Theoretical Framework
Level 3: Flush Left, Bold Italic, Title Case
Social Cognitive Theory
Level 4: Indented, Bold, Title Case, Ending With a Period. Text begins on the same line.
Observational Learning. Students learn by observing...
Level 5: Indented, Bold Italic, Title Case, Ending With a Period. Text begins on the same line.
Modeling Behavior. The process of modeling involves...
5.2 使用範例
Method (Level 1)
Participants (Level 2)
Recruitment Procedure (Level 3)
Inclusion Criteria. (Level 4) Participants were required to...
Age Requirements. (Level 5) All participants must be...
Materials (Level 2)
Survey Instruments (Level 3)
Method (Level 1)
Participants (Level 2)
Recruitment Procedure (Level 3)
Inclusion Criteria. (Level 4) Participants were required to...
Age Requirements. (Level 5) All participants must be...
Materials (Level 2)
Survey Instruments (Level 3)
六、圖表格式
6.1 表格(Tables)
基本格式:
Table 1
Descriptive Statistics for Study Variables
Variable M SD Min Max
─────────────────────────────────────────
Age 22.45 1.83 19 28
GPA 3.42 0.56 2.10 4.00
Social Media Use 4.25 1.12 1.00 7.00
─────────────────────────────────────────
Note. N = 250. Social Media Use measured on 7-point scale.
Table 1
Descriptive Statistics for Study Variables
Variable M SD Min Max
─────────────────────────────────────────
Age 22.45 1.83 19 28
GPA 3.42 0.56 2.10 4.00
Social Media Use 4.25 1.12 1.00 7.00
─────────────────────────────────────────
Note. N = 250. Social Media Use measured on 7-point scale.
表格編號與標題:
- 編號:Table 1, Table 2...(粗體,左對齊)
- 標題:斜體,Title Case,左對齊
- 位置:表格上方
- 編號:Table 1, Table 2...(粗體,左對齊)
- 標題:斜體,Title Case,左對齊
- 位置:表格上方
6.2 圖片(Figures)
基本格式:
[圖片]
Figure 1
The Relationship Between Social Media Use and Academic Performance
Note. Error bars represent standard errors. **p < .01.
[圖片]
Figure 1
The Relationship Between Social Media Use and Academic Performance
Note. Error bars represent standard errors. **p < .01.
圖片編號與標題:
- 編號:Figure 1, Figure 2...(粗體,左對齊)
- 標題:斜體,Sentence case,左對齊
- 位置:圖片下方
- 編號:Figure 1, Figure 2...(粗體,左對齊)
- 標題:斜體,Sentence case,左對齊
- 位置:圖片下方
七、數字與統計符號
7.1 數字的使用
使用阿拉伯數字:
✅ 10 或以上的數字:15 participants, 23 years old
✅ 測量單位:5 cm, 3 kg, 2 hr
✅ 統計數據:M = 4.25, SD = 1.12
✅ 日期:May 15, 2024
✅ 分數:scored 7 out of 10
✅ 10 或以上的數字:15 participants, 23 years old
✅ 測量單位:5 cm, 3 kg, 2 hr
✅ 統計數據:M = 4.25, SD = 1.12
✅ 日期:May 15, 2024
✅ 分數:scored 7 out of 10
使用文字:
✅ 0-9 的數字(句首除外):five participants, three groups
✅ 句首的數字:Twenty participants completed...
✅ 常見分數:one third, two fifths
✅ 0-9 的數字(句首除外):five participants, three groups
✅ 句首的數字:Twenty participants completed...
✅ 常見分數:one third, two fifths
7.2 統計符號
常用符號:
M (Mean, 平均數) - 斜體
SD (Standard Deviation, 標準差) - 斜體
n (樣本數, 小樣本) - 斜體
N (樣本數, 總樣本) - 斜體
p (顯著性水準) - 斜體
r (相關係數) - 斜體
t, F, χ² (檢定統計量) - 斜體
M (Mean, 平均數) - 斜體
SD (Standard Deviation, 標準差) - 斜體
n (樣本數, 小樣本) - 斜體
N (樣本數, 總樣本) - 斜體
p (顯著性水準) - 斜體
r (相關係數) - 斜體
t, F, χ² (檢定統計量) - 斜體
報告範例:
The correlation between social media use and GPA was significant, r(248) = -.42, p < .001.
An independent samples t test revealed a significant difference between groups, t(98) = 3.45, p = .001, d = 0.68.
A one-way ANOVA showed a significant main effect of condition, F(2, 147) = 12.34, p < .001, η² = .14.
The correlation between social media use and GPA was significant, r(248) = -.42, p < .001.
An independent samples t test revealed a significant difference between groups, t(98) = 3.45, p = .001, d = 0.68.
A one-way ANOVA showed a significant main effect of condition, F(2, 147) = 12.34, p < .001, η² = .14.
八、常見錯誤與避免方法
8.1 引用格式錯誤
錯誤 1:使用「&」在敘述性引用中
❌ Smith & Johnson (2020) found that...
✅ Smith and Johnson (2020) found that...
✅ (Smith & Johnson, 2020)
❌ Smith & Johnson (2020) found that...
✅ Smith and Johnson (2020) found that...
✅ (Smith & Johnson, 2020)
錯誤 2:引用頁碼格式錯誤
❌ (Smith, 2020, pp. 45)
❌ (Smith, 2020, page 45)
✅ (Smith, 2020, p. 45)
✅ (Smith, 2020, pp. 45-48)
❌ (Smith, 2020, pp. 45)
❌ (Smith, 2020, page 45)
✅ (Smith, 2020, p. 45)
✅ (Smith, 2020, pp. 45-48)
錯誤 3:et al. 使用錯誤
❌ Smith et. al. (2020)
❌ Smith, et al. (2020)
✅ Smith et al. (2020)
❌ Smith et. al. (2020)
❌ Smith, et al. (2020)
✅ Smith et al. (2020)
8.2 參考文獻格式錯誤
錯誤 1:DOI 格式錯誤
❌ doi:10.1037/edu0000123
❌ DOI: 10.1037/edu0000123
✅ https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000123
❌ doi:10.1037/edu0000123
❌ DOI: 10.1037/edu0000123
✅ https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000123
錯誤 2:期刊名稱未斜體
❌ Journal of Educational Psychology
✅ Journal of Educational Psychology (斜體)
❌ Journal of Educational Psychology
✅ Journal of Educational Psychology (斜體)
錯誤 3:作者姓名格式錯誤
❌ John Smith
❌ Smith, John
✅ Smith, J.
✅ Smith, J. D.
❌ John Smith
❌ Smith, John
✅ Smith, J.
✅ Smith, J. D.
8.3 格式設定錯誤
錯誤 1:行距錯誤
❌ 單倍行距
❌ 1.5 倍行距
✅ 雙倍行距(整篇論文)
❌ 單倍行距
❌ 1.5 倍行距
✅ 雙倍行距(整篇論文)
錯誤 2:段落縮排錯誤
❌ 無縮排
❌ 縮排 1 英吋
✅ 首行縮排 0.5 英吋
❌ 無縮排
❌ 縮排 1 英吋
✅ 首行縮排 0.5 英吋
錯誤 3:標題層級錯誤
❌ 所有標題都使用 Level 1
❌ 跳過層級(Level 1 → Level 3)
✅ 按邏輯順序使用層級
❌ 所有標題都使用 Level 1
❌ 跳過層級(Level 1 → Level 3)
✅ 按邏輯順序使用層級
九、APA 格式工具與資源
9.1 參考文獻管理工具
推薦工具:
1. Zotero(免費,開源)
- 自動抓取文獻資訊
- 支援 Word/Google Docs 插件
- 雲端同步
2. Mendeley(免費)
- PDF 管理與註記
- 社群功能
- 桌面版與網頁版
3. EndNote(付費,功能最強大)
- 專業級文獻管理
- 支援超過 7000 種引用格式
- 與 Word 深度整合
1. Zotero(免費,開源)
- 自動抓取文獻資訊
- 支援 Word/Google Docs 插件
- 雲端同步
2. Mendeley(免費)
- PDF 管理與註記
- 社群功能
- 桌面版與網頁版
3. EndNote(付費,功能最強大)
- 專業級文獻管理
- 支援超過 7000 種引用格式
- 與 Word 深度整合
9.2 線上檢查工具
格式檢查:
1. Grammarly(語法與格式檢查)
2. APA Style CENTRAL(官方工具,付費)
3. Citation Machine(免費,基本功能)
4. EasyBib(免費,自動生成引用)
1. Grammarly(語法與格式檢查)
2. APA Style CENTRAL(官方工具,付費)
3. Citation Machine(免費,基本功能)
4. EasyBib(免費,自動生成引用)
9.3 官方資源
1. APA Style 官方網站:https://apastyle.apa.org
2. APA Style Blog:https://apastyle.apa.org/blog
3. Publication Manual (第七版):官方手冊
4. APA Style CENTRAL:線上學習平台
1. APA Style 官方網站:https://apastyle.apa.org
2. APA Style Blog:https://apastyle.apa.org/blog
3. Publication Manual (第七版):官方手冊
4. APA Style CENTRAL:線上學習平台
十、常見問題 FAQ
Q1: APA 第六版和第七版有什麼主要差異?
A: 主要差異包括:
- 作者數量:最多列出 20 位(第六版為 7 位)
- DOI 格式:使用 https://doi.org/(第六版為 doi:)
- 網頁引用:不再需要「Retrieved from」
- 日期格式:更靈活(可使用 n.d.)
- 電子書格式:與紙本書相同
Q2: 如何引用中文文獻?
A: 中文文獻引用規則:
內文引用:
- 使用拼音或英文翻譯:(Chen, 2020) 或 (陳, 2020)
參考文獻:
Chen, Y. L. (陳怡玲). (2020). 台灣高等教育的挑戰與機會 [Challenges and opportunities in Taiwan's higher education]. 教育研究季刊, 45(2), 123-145.
內文引用:
- 使用拼音或英文翻譯:(Chen, 2020) 或 (陳, 2020)
參考文獻:
Chen, Y. L. (陳怡玲). (2020). 台灣高等教育的挑戰與機會 [Challenges and opportunities in Taiwan's higher education]. 教育研究季刊, 45(2), 123-145.
Q3: 如何引用社群媒體貼文?
A: 社群媒體引用格式:
Twitter:
Author [@username]. (Year, Month Day). First 20 words of tweet [Tweet]. Twitter. URL
Facebook:
Author. (Year, Month Day). First 20 words of post [Status update]. Facebook. URL
Instagram:
Author [@username]. (Year, Month Day). First 20 words of caption [Photograph]. Instagram. URL
Twitter:
Author [@username]. (Year, Month Day). First 20 words of tweet [Tweet]. Twitter. URL
Facebook:
Author. (Year, Month Day). First 20 words of post [Status update]. Facebook. URL
Instagram:
Author [@username]. (Year, Month Day). First 20 words of caption [Photograph]. Instagram. URL
Q4: 如何引用 YouTube 影片?
A: YouTube 影片引用格式:
Author [Username]. (Year, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. YouTube. URL
範例:
TED. (2023, January 15). The power of vulnerability [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxxxx
Author [Username]. (Year, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. YouTube. URL
範例:
TED. (2023, January 15). The power of vulnerability [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxxxx
Q5: 參考文獻中的「&」和「and」如何使用?
A:
- 內文引用:敘述性使用「and」,括號內使用「&」
- 參考文獻:一律使用「&」
內文:Smith and Johnson (2020) 或 (Smith & Johnson, 2020)
參考文獻:Smith, J., & Johnson, M. (2020).
內文:Smith and Johnson (2020) 或 (Smith & Johnson, 2020)
參考文獻:Smith, J., & Johnson, M. (2020).
Q6: 如何引用沒有頁碼的電子書?
A: 使用章節標題或段落編號:
(Smith, 2020, Chapter 3)
(Smith, 2020, para. 4)
(Smith, 2020, "Introduction" section)
(Smith, 2020, Chapter 3)
(Smith, 2020, para. 4)
(Smith, 2020, "Introduction" section)
Q7: 如何處理超過 20 位作者的文獻?
A: 列出前 19 位作者,省略號,最後一位作者:
Smith, J., Johnson, M., Williams, R., ... & Chen, Y. (2020).
Smith, J., Johnson, M., Williams, R., ... & Chen, Y. (2020).
Q8: 如何引用法律條文或政府文件?
A: 法律條文引用格式:
Name of Act, Volume Source § Section Number (Year).
範例:
教育基本法, 中華民國法律 § 第 8 條 (2013).
Name of Act, Volume Source § Section Number (Year).
範例:
教育基本法, 中華民國法律 § 第 8 條 (2013).
結語
APA 第七版格式是社會科學領域論文寫作的重要規範,掌握正確的格式不僅能提升論文的專業性,也能避免因格式錯誤而影響發表機會。記住:
- 一致性:全文格式必須一致
- 精確性:引用資訊必須完整準確
- 工具輔助:善用參考文獻管理工具
- 持續更新:關注 APA 官方網站的最新指引
- 仔細檢查:提交前務必檢查所有格式
最重要的是:APA 格式的核心目的是讓讀者能夠清楚追溯引用來源,因此所有格式規範都是為了提升學術溝通的效率和準確性。
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